KPV #

• Acronym: KPV (Lysine-Proline-Valine)
• Amino Acid Sequence: Lys-Pro-Val
• Primary Functions and Actions:
  • Anti-inflammatory.
  • Immunomodulatory.
• Mechanism of Action:
  • KPV is a tripeptide derived from α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH).
  • It inhibits the activation of NF-κB, a key regulator of inflammation.
  • It also modulates the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
• Systems Activated:
  • Immune System: Modulates inflammatory responses.
• Dosage and Timing:
  • Dosages vary, but common protocols suggest 250 mcg to 1 mg per day.
  • Administered via subcutaneous injection or oral capsules.
  • Timing is not critical.
• Contraindications and Side Effects:
  • Side effects are generally mild, but long-term effects are not well-studied.
• Potential Uses:
  • Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
  • Skin inflammation
  • Autoimmune diseases
• References:
  • PMID: 11937135, PMID: 16401417
• PMID: 11937135 – [J Immunol. 2002 Apr 15;168(8):3967-73.] – The tripeptide Lys-Pro-Val inhibits LPS-induced synthesis of cytokines and expression of CD86 on macrophages. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11937135/
• PMID: 16401417 – [Regul Pept. 2006 Jan 30;133(1-3):141-6.] – The antiinflammatory peptide alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone protects against the development of experimental colitis. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16401417/

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Article Summaries #

PMID: 11937135 #

This study examined the effects of a specific tripeptide, Lys-Pro-Val, on immune responses, specifically how it inhibits the synthesis of cytokines and expression of CD86 in macrophages when stimulated by lipopolysaccharides (LPS). The researchers aimed to understand the potential anti-inflammatory properties of this tripeptide.

The results showed that Lys-Pro-Val effectively reduced the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inhibited the expression of CD86 on macrophages. This indicates that the tripeptide plays a significant role in modulating immune responses, particularly in inflammatory conditions triggered by LPS.

In conclusion, Lys-Pro-Val demonstrates potential as an anti-inflammatory agent by inhibiting cytokine synthesis and macrophage activation. Its capacity to regulate immune responses could be valuable for developing treatments for inflammatory diseases.

PMID: 16401417 #

This article focused on the anti-inflammatory properties of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) and its effectiveness in protecting against experimental colitis. The goal was to investigate how this peptide could aid in managing inflammatory bowel diseases.

The findings revealed that α-MSH significantly reduced inflammation and tissue damage associated with colitis in experimental models. The peptide acted by modulating immune responses and enhancing mucosal healing, showcasing its protective effects on the intestinal lining.

In conclusion, α-MSH shows promise as a therapeutic agent in combating inflammatory conditions like colitis due to its anti-inflammatory and protective properties. This suggests potential applications of α-MSH in treating inflammatory bowel diseases and improving gut health.